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Cited by 138Paleontology and Stratigraphy of FossilsPaleontology and Evolutionary BiologyEvolution and Paleontology Studies

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Behavioral and anatomical unity of the earliest burrowing animals and the cause of the “Cambrian explosion”

Dzik, Jerzy·2005·Paleobiology
DOI 10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0503:baauot]2.0.co;2
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Abstract

All interpretable trace fossils from the Ediacarian–Cambrian transition strata of northern Siberia, Ukraine, and elsewhere represent shelters of infaunal animals feeding from the sediment surface. There is a gradation of forms ranging from (1) makers of horizontal galleries in soft sand with bilobed lower surface and proboscis extended to the surface, through (2) linear or zigzag series of short, widely U-shaped burrows in firm clay with bilobed or three-lobed lower surface, to (3) series of cylindrical chambers dug completely inside the sediment but opening to its surface. At the same time, protective skeleton originated in animals living above the sediment surface. Apparently, the diversification of predators in the earliest Cambrian forced other animals to invest energy either in digging or in a protective armor (“the Verdun Syndrome”). True mud-eaters appeared later, as documented by the late Tommotian horizontal spreite structures from central Siberia. Most, if not all, of those infaunal traces of activity were produced probably by relatives of priapulid worms. It appears that body cavities and segmentation in the Metazoa (diverse already in the Ediacarian) evolved independently of, and prior to, hydraulic burrowing.

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Metadata

Authors
Dzik, J.
Affiliations
Institute of Paleobiology (PL)
Corresponding author
Dzik, Jerzy
ORCID
Dzik, Jerzy
Venue
Paleobiology
Publisher
Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published
2005
Volume
31
Issue
3
Pages
503-521
ISSN
  • 0094-8373 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-5331
DOI
10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0503:baauot]2.0.co;2
OpenAlex
W2191553833
Cited by
138
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI
4.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 4115 d)
Locations
  • Paleobiology (publishedVersion)
  • BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
Keywords
Cambrian explosion, Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, trace fossils, burrowing behavior, infauna, priapulid worms, protective armor, Tommotian, segmentation, Ediacaran, early animal evolution

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Behavioral and anatomical unity of the earliest burrowing animals and the cause of the “Cambrian explosion”. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031%5B0503:baauot%5D2.0.co;2
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Dzik, J. (2005). Behavioral and anatomical unity of the earliest burrowing animals and the cause of the “Cambrian explosion”. Paleobiology. https://doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031%5B0503%3Abaauot%5D2.0.co%3B2